Rivers and Trade Routes
Western Anatolia is shaped by several important rivers that flow from the interior toward the Aegean Sea. These rivers are […]
The Lydians and Their Influence
In addition to their strong skills in sailing and trade, the Greek cities of western Anatolia faced an important political
From Villages to City-States
Literary sources and archaeological evidence suggest that many early settlements in western Anatolia began as small villages ruled by hereditary
Historical Background
Asia Minor, also known as Anatolia, is a large peninsula that extends from Asia toward Europe like a natural bridge.
Limited Archaeological Evidence
In several of the cities connected with the Seven Churches of Asia Minor, archaeological excavation has been limited. Because of
Introduction
The subject of this book is the letters written to the Seven Churches of Asia Minor in the Book of
A Guide to the Seven Churches
In the Book of Revelation, John of Patmos writes: “Write on a scroll what you see and send it to
The Defensive Purpose of the Anastasian Wall
The Anastasian Wall was built as a defensive line to protect Constantinople and the surrounding lands from invading forces. Its
The Escort of the Icon of St. Demetrius
In the Byzantine period, the Hebdomon and its surrounding areas often served as a ceremonial gathering point for the capital.
The Hebdomon as a Place of Rest and Transition
Several examples have already shown how the Hebdomon was used as a resting place before entering or leaving Constantinople. Earlier,